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Monomeric CRP (mCRP)

C-reactive protein (CRP) is one of the most widely used blood tests for detecting inflammation in the body. It is produced in the liver and released into the bloodstream as a ring-shaped structure composed of five identical subunits. At sites of inflammation, such as infected or injured tissues, CRP splits into its single subunits and generates monomeric CRP (mCRP). It is this monomeric form that is proposed to have functional activity.

Monomeric CRP (mCRP)

Why Monomeric CRP (mCRP) matters

Evidence from experimental studies suggests that mCRP amplifies inflammation via up-regulation of pro-inflammatory signals that help recruit immune cells to sites of inflammation. In this way, mCRP may have a pathological role in the development of inflammation and inflammatory disease. The presence of mCRP in atherosclerotic plaques and the observation of higher mCRP in patients with coronary artery disease suggests that high mCRP levels may reflect vascular inflammation linked to plaque formation and atherosclerosis progression. Therefore, mCRP measurement may have use as a novel cardiovascular risk factor.

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References

Badimon, L. P. (2018). C-reactive protein in atherothrombosis and angiogenesis. Frontiers in Immunology, 9.Eisenhardt, S. U. (2009). Dissociation of pentameric to monomeric C-reactive protein on activated platelets localizes inflammation to atherosclerotic plaques. Circulation Research, 105(2), 128-137.Karlsson, J. W. (2022). Associations of C-reactive protein isoforms with systemic lupus erythematosus phenotypes and disease activity. Arthritis Research & Therapy, 24(1), 139.Liang, Y. X. (2022). Monomeric C-reactive protein level is associated wtih osteoarthritis. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 23(4), 277.Melnikov, I. K. (2022). The monomeric C-reactive protein level is associated with increase in carotid plaque number in patients with subclinical carotid atherosclerosis. Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine, 9.Melnikov, I. K. (2023). Monomeric C-reactive protein in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: advances and perspectives. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 24(3).Melnikov, I. K. (2025). Higher monomeric C-reactive protein levels are associated with premature coronary artery disease. Frontiers in Immunology, 15(1501125).Mouliou, D. S. (2023). C-reactive protein: pathophysiology, diagnosis, false test results and a novel diagnostic algorithm for clinicians. Diseases, 11(4).Munuswamy, R. D. (2021). Monomeric CRP is elevated in patients with COPD compared to non-COPD control persons. Journal of Inflammation Research, 14, 4503-4507.Slevin, M. H. (2022). Monomeric C-reactive protein: current perspectives for utilisation and inclusion as a prognostic indicator and therapeutic target. Frontiers in Immunology, 13.Sproston, N. R. (2018). Role of C-reactive protein at sites of inflammation and infection. Frontiers in Immunology, 9(754).Wang, J. T. (2015). Increased monomeric CRP levels in acute myocardial infarction: a possible new and specific biomarker for diagnosis and severity assessment of disease. Atherosclerosis, 239(2), 343-349.Zhang, L. L. (2018). An ELISA assay for quantifying monomeric C-reactive protein in plasma. Frontiers in Immunology, 9(511).